Guesswork computational security and information theory pdf

To accomplish this selective encryption can be used, which provides confidentiality by only encrypting chosen parts of the information. As shannon entropy is not a good measure of average guesswork, what is the. Information security is required to protect organization data from information security threat such as virus and unauthorized users. As part of the syngress basics series, the basics of information security provides you with fundamental knowledge of information security in both theoretical and practical aspects. The cryptography, security, and applied mathematics csam group conducts research on theoretical and practical aspects of cryptography, computational complexity, formal approaches to system and software security, data mining and machine learning with applications to security, and number theory. Although most generalpurpose symbolic algebra programs can handle groups to a certain extent, there are two systems which are particularly well suited for computations with groups. On renyi entropies and their applications to guessing attacks in. Computer science and engineering, karmayogi engineering college, shelve, pandharpur, maharashatra, india. Theory on passwords has lagged behind practice, where large providers use backend smarts to survive with imperfect technology.

We give the exact conditions for general sfe and mpc to be possible for informationtheoretic security with negligible error. Leveraging recent results from its analysis, we extend the remit and utility. Guesswork and entropy as security measures for selective encryption. Metrics, advances in information security, volume 23, pages 173184. Indeed, for a long time, the simple fact that a cryptographic algorithm had withstood cryptanalytic attacks for several years was considered as a kind of validation. Professors qiangfei xia and jianhua joshua yang of the electrical and computer engineering ece department have published yet another in a long series of papers in the prestigious family of nature academic journals, this one in the latest issue of nature electronics. Oct 25, 2011 threat level writes about the release of a denial of service tool for ssltls web servers. Medard, efficient coding for multisource networks using gacskorner common information, 2016 international symposium on information theory and its applications isita, monterey, ca, 2016. In a fundamental sense, shannons definition of entropy captures the notion of information in situations where unlimited computing power is always available. The security of systems is often predicated on a user or application. As a result, in applications such as cryptography, where computational cost plays a central role, the classical information theory does not provide a totally satisfactory framework. Our e orts are a rst attempt at connecting the abstract mathematics with concrete programs, whereas.

A system is called computationallysecure if it is secure against an adversary with reasonably. Proceedings of icc3 2015 this book aims at promoting highquality research by researchers and practitioners from academia and industry at the international conference on computational intelligence, cyber security, and computational models icc3 2015 organized by psg college of technology, coimbatore, india during. Creative commons attributionnoncommercialshare alike. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed. Guessing, renyi entropy, shannon entropy, predictability. Students who can estimate well for computations rely on an understanding of many mathematical topics.

R enyi minentropy 25,27, guessing entropy 21, and marginal guesswork 24. The common idea in these information theoretic approaches is that a system can be seen as a channel in the. Improving information security practices through computational intelligence presents an overview of the latest and greatest research in the field, touching on such topics as cryptology, stream ciphers, and intrusion detection, and providing new insights to an audience of students, teachers, and entrylevel researchers working in computational. The complexity of information security is oftentimes overwhelming to those individuals new to the field. A characterization of guesswork on swiftly tilting curves arxiv.

Unfortunately, there are too few resources available that can provide a clear and comprehensive understanding of infosec. Cyber security is a complex concept that depends on the domain knowledge and requires cognitive abilities to determine possible. The guesswork problem was originally motivated by a desire to quantify computational security for single user systems. Computational intelligence, cyber security and computational. However, information theoretic security cannot always be achieved. The tool, released by a group called the hackers choice, exploits a known flaw in the secure socket layer ssl protocol by overwhelming the system with secure connection requests, which quickly consume server resources. Iii reine lundin, thijs holleboom, and stefan lindskog. The cryptosystem is considered cryptanalytically unbreakable if the adversary does not have enough information to break the encryption. Leveraging recent results from its analysis, we extend the remit and utility of the framework to the quantification of the computational security for multiuser systems. Since then, the field has flourished, particularly during the past 30 to 40 years, and today it remains a lively and active branch of mathematics. Graph theory, social networks and counter terrorism.

Computational security subject to source constraints, guesswork and inscrutability. Guesswork can also be used to quantify computational security against. Simplistic models of user and attacker behaviors have led the research community to emphasize the wrong threats. The problem of intelligence its nature, how it is produced by the brain and how it could be replicated in machines is a deep and fundamental problem that cuts across multiple scientific disciplines. Computational science is critical to mps goalsthemes. In general, we are engaged in a bridgebuilding exercise between category theory and computer programming. Since the appearance of publickey cryptography in the diffiehellman seminal paper, many schemes have been proposed, but many have been broken. Roughly speaking, this means that these systems are secure assuming that any adversaries are computationally limited, as all adversaries are in practice. In computational complexity theory, a computational hardness assumption is the hypothesis that a particular problem cannot be solved efficiently where efficiently typically means in polynomial time. Suppose that a secret string is drawn from a given process on a. Said of a cipher that cannot be broken with the current computer technology within a period short enough to be practicable. The origins of computation group theory cgt date back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A characterization of guesswork on swiftly tilting curves. International symposium on information theory, aachen, 2017 s.

Information security research and development strategy. Motivated by both lossless compression and brute force searching, in a brief paper in 1994 it was massey 39 who rst framed this question of. The basics of information security gives you clearnontechnical explanations of how infosec works and how to apply these principles whether youre in the it field or want to understand how it affects your career and business. The handbook of computational group theory offers the f. He served on the program committees of many international conferences, including icdt, foiks, esorics and ifip wg 11. Abstract we consider an abstraction of computational security in password protected systems where a user draws a secret string of given length with i.

Let us consider a person alice who would like to send a secret message to. In this paper, the two ece researchers and their research team described their construction and operation of a three. The common idea in these informationtheoretic approaches is that a system can be seen as a channel in the. Taking the guesswork out of computational estimation. Guesswork subject to a total entropy budget mural maynooth. Handbook of computational group theory crc press book. Computational group theory cgt is one of the oldest and most developed branches of computational algebra. However, for small computing devices it might be necessary to reduce the computational cost imposed by security in order to gain reasonable performance and or energy consumption. Two proposed quantitative security measures are entropy and guesswork.

We consider an abstraction of computational security in password. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. The discipline of computer science has many challenging. Instead of pushing through a major you dont like, or adding time and expense by changing majors, you can make an. Threat level writes about the release of a denial of service tool for ssltls web servers. Instead, computer scientists rely on reductions to formally relate the hardness of a new or complicated. Guesswork subject to a total entropy budget arman rezaee, ahmad beirami, ali makhdoumi, muriel medard, and ken duffy. Author jason andress gives you the basic knowledge needed to understand the key concepts of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and then dives into practical applications of these ideas in the areas of. Proceedings of icc3 2015 this book aims at promoting highquality research by researchers and practitioners from academia and industry at the international conference on computational intelligence, cyber security, and computational models icc3 2015 organized by psg college of technology, coimbatore, india during december 17.

Taking the guesswork out of computational estimation jill cochran and megan hartmann dugger computational estimation is an important skill necessary for students mathematical development. Security measurements and metrics ed dieter gollmann, fabio massacci and artsiom yautsiukhin, boston. Shannons information theory shan48, shan491 does not take into account the amount of computing power at the enemys dis posal. Pdf quantifying the computational security of multiuser. Students who can estimate well for computations rely on an understanding of. Cryptography is a very exciting and developing area of contemporary mathematics, with connections to number theory and computational complexity.

Leadership styles and information security compliance. Shannons entropy measures the minimum space needed to store and transmit the possible outcomes of a random variable. A growing research into the economics of information security 9, 10 during the last decade aims to understand security problems in terms. Pursuing computer science at uk the uk college of engineering department of computer science was ranked 30th among u. Computational intelligence, cyber security and computational models. Research and development concerning information security is closely connected with japans science and technology strategy. Given such objects, and thus computational assumptions about the intractability of the inversion without possible trapdoors, we would like that security could be achieved without extra assumptions. This book rectifies this shortage and provides readers a comprehensive discussion on what every security professional. The new second edition has been updated for the latest trends and threats, including new material on many infosec subjects.

Permission, as indicated by the signatures and dates given below, is now granted to submit final copies to the college of graduate studies for approval. The function of federal advisory committees is advisory only. Science and titled applications of computational intelligence in critical infrastructures. Infogap decision theory is written for decision analysts. Springer, 2006, 173184 chapter in book refereed abstract en n this paper, we start to investigate the security implications of selective encryption. He has done research in recursion and complexity theory, information systems with an emphasis on database schema design, query optimization and mediation, and various aspects of security. A decision analyst uses quantitative models and computational methods to formulate decision algorithms, assess decision performance, identify and evaluate options, determine tradeoffs and risks, evaluate strategies for investigation, and so on. To be able to perform an analytical and more exact description of security, quantitative security measures are desirable. Security in computing systems challenges, approaches and. Massey 1 proved that the shannon entropy of xn, hxn, is a lower bound.

Index terms guesswork, computational security, renyi entropy. Coprincipalinvestigator copi michael zink and senior research scientist eric lyons of the electrical and computer engineering ece department were key members of the multidisciplinary team from umass amherst and three other institutions that created the dynamic networkcentric multicloud platform, or dynamo, a weatherforecasting device which won two awards at the inaugural scinet. Information theoretic security is a cryptosystem whose security derives purely from information theory. Ken duffy curriculum vitae research interests fields. Multiuser guesswork and brute force security ieee xplore. Author jason andress gives you the basic knowledge needed to understand the key concepts of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and then dives into. It is not known how to prove unconditional hardness for essentially any useful problem. Guesswork can also be used to quantify computational security against bruteforce attack 16. Guesswork and entropy as security measures for selective.

We do this by using the measure guesswork, which gives us the expected number of guesses that. We give the exact conditions for general sfe and mpc to be possible for. Information security is increasingly seen as not only ful. Guesswork is the subject of this thesis, both in the original setting described above as well as in generalized scenarios. Passwords and the evolution of imperfect authentication. Informationtheoretic security is a cryptosystem whose security derives purely from information theory. In proceedings of the 5th international workshop on security in information. On the other hand, the theory of computational complexity is not yet well enough understood to prove the computational security of public key cryptosystems ldh761.